Skepticblog » Hunting the Ghost Hunters. I will be away this week, so I am dusting off some of my oldest skeptical writings and updating them. Below is a piece I wrote 1. Lonesome Ghosts is a 1937 Disney animated cartoon, released through RKO Radio Pictures on December 24, 1937, three days after Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). It was directed by Burt Gillett and animated by Izzy Klein. Ed and Lorraine Warren. The article is still relevant, and I enhanced it with some updated info. I also employed the wayback machine to provide links to old websites that are no longer active. I will be mostly out of touch, and only rarely monitoring the comments, so forgive me if I don’t respond quickly or at all. In New England we have ghosts – or at least ghost hunters. So it is not surprising that in our younger days as activist skeptics, Perry De. Angelis, Evan Bernstein, my brother, Bob, and I (the investigative team of the New England Skeptical Society) cut our skeptical teeth investigating ghost hunters. Taking on the New England ghost- busting industry led us inevitably to Ed and Lorraine Warren, the patriarch and matriarch of ghost hunting in New England. Ed and Lorraine hunted ghosts (Ed has since passed) – ghosts, apparitions, demons, possessed people, places and things. They did so for decades, and claim to have looked at nearly 4. They were made famous by books and movies, and as luck would have it lived only a couple towns over in Monroe Connecticut. There is speculation over the existence of ghosts from the American Civil War. Among the locales that have become famous for Civil War ghosts are the Sharpsburg battlefield near Sharpsburg, Maryland; Chickamauga battlefield in. We sought to evaluate the phenomenon of ghosts (in the generic sense, referring to all manner of spiritual manifestations) and see if there was any evidence to support the hypothesis that the phenomenon exists. On the matter of hauntings, the Warrens were one of the preeminent experts, and they were local, so naturally we decided to look into their work. Also, they claim to have scientific evidence which does indeed prove the existence of ghosts, which sounds like a testable claim that we can sink our investigative teeth into. What we found was a very nice couple, some genuinely sincere people, but absolutely no compelling evidence, or, more precisely, there was a ton of “evidence,” but none of it stands up to rigorous scientific testing, and most of it not even to cursory testing. None of it. Like all pseudosciences, the field of ghost hunting makes bold pretense to being legitimate science. The Warrens called their organization the New England Society for Psychic Research (NESPR), but as we will see, they were a “research” organization in name only. They still have a presence on the web, and Lorraine still gives ghost lectures. Their original website proudly proclaimed that “Our mission is to move the area of psychic phenomena out of the dark ages into the mainstream of rigorous scientific thought and inquiry.” But upon inspection, their methods lack the components of genuine scientific inquiry or even the most fundamental attempt at scientific rigor. Rather than an earnest search for the truth, regardless of what that may be, their society seeks only to support their a priori assumption that the phenomenon is real. Our investigation began with a tour through the Warren’s rather unique museum, housed in their basement, and alleged to be the most haunted place in Connecticut. From the moment we met Ed and Lorraine, two things became very clear to us. One, seem sincere – to honestly believe the things they say. And two, that they have precious little evidence to support their beliefs. What they do have in abundance are ghost stories and low- grade ambiguous evidence. During that first visit, and in the five hour interview that followed, we were treated to scores of Warren stories. However, despite their insistence to the contrary, stories are not evidence. On the museum tour, Ed warned us not to touch anything in the main room, as we would open ourselves up to possible possession. If we did accidentally rub against something (which was nearly unavoidable in that crammed space), we were to report it, so that he could purify our auras before we left. The room was a clutter of collected stuff garnered over the Warren’s forty year career. This included paintings, masks, statuettes, and many books. One of these ghostly tomes was an “Unearthed Arcana,” a Dungeons and Dragons role- playing game book. Ghosts In The Bedroom Pdf ReaderGhosts In The Bedroom Pdf File31 answers of boys and girls although it is usually thought that girls are more susceptible to kanashibari (Matsutani 1999: 48). At an early stage I realised that the children were not writing much, and there were also. This former convent in Zell, South Dakota is now vacant, and for sale. These photos were taken in 2014. A wire fence had been erected along the north side of the building; on it a sign warned: NO TRESPASSING—Property of the Westing estate. I still have a copy collecting dust in my closet. Ed claimed that the most dangerous item in the house, however, was a Raggedy- Ann doll that was said to still be possessed by a demonic entity. He keeps this enclosed in a glass case for safety, and chillingly relates the tale of the man who ignored his warnings and taunted the doll, only to die hours later in a tragic motorcycle accident. Born in 1. 92. 6, Ed Warren has been involved with the ghostly world since the age of five when he saw the apparition of a recently deceased landlady. Ed’s father was a Connecticut State Trooper who went to mass everyday. His grandfather was also very pious, and bequeathed the bulk of his estate to the Catholic church for the purchase of a stained glass window. It is not difficult to see the basis of Ed’s belief structure, being reared in such a devout environment. The Catholic church does hold that supernatural entities can and do interact with the physical world. Ed also refers to NESPR as a “theological institute,” and states that his investigations are intimately associated with his religious convictions. In fact, one of his first questions to us, just as with other skeptics he has confronted in the past, is whether or not we believe in God, for without faith we could not understand his research. Lorraine, born in 1. This is a person that can feel things psychically. When the Warren’s go into an alleged haunted dwelling for the first time, three sensitives are utilized. If all three come up with positive “readings,” or feelings, it is said to be powerful evidence of a supernatural presence. Of course, using an unproven method to measure an unproven phenomenon is of little scientific value. As our probing into the Warren’s evidence continued, proceeding next into a prolonged interview, we asked to examine their most impressive or most convincing evidence, a request that we would repeat many times. But first, we needed to learn at least some of the jargon that is associated with the ghost phenomenon. Ed was kind enough to give us a crash course. The “psychic” hours, Ed told us, are from 9 PM to 6 AM and the most vicious hauntings occur around 3 AM. Because that is an insult to the Holy Trinity. A “ghost” is a luminescence without definable form, but on the other hand, an “apparition” has form and features. The countless photos we have seen of balls of light, are known as “ghost globules,” and the elongated patches as “light rods.” There are human spirits, and then there are the real bad guys, inhuman spirits. These are, of course, the essences of things never alive, or demonic entities. Ed also gave us some tips: always keep a vial of blessed water on your person to compel entities; if a possessed person meets your gaze, never be the first to break it, as that demonstrates weakness. And on it went, rules and jargon of the trade. The Photographic Evidence. The vast majority of the Warren’s physical evidence is photographs. They have hundreds of ghost shots, taken by them and those who work for them. The Carousel Restaurant, a frequent “haunt” of the Warrens and said to be haunted, have their own collection of such photographs. Other ghost hunting societies, such as the Cosmic Society, another local group comprised of defectors from NESPR, also have a collection of such photos as their primary claim to evidence. But quantity is not a substitute for quality. The bulk of these photos are simply blobs of light on a piece of film. There are dozens of ways to get such light artifacts onto film, but most fit into one of three categories: flashback, light defraction, or camera cords. Rare double or multiple exposures create more interesting, but still artifactual, photographs. It is significant to note that in almost every occurrence of a ghost photograph, the ghost is not seen at the time the photo is taken. It is not until the picture is developed that the ghost or glob or rod is seen, a strong indication that the picture is a result of photographic artifact. Flashback is simply light from the camera flash reflected back at the lens, causing a hazy overexposed region on the film. The result is often a whispy and blurry light image on the film. It is easy to tell when a flash was used, because of the sharp shadows that are created and because objects in the foreground are brightly lit. The Warren’s website even suggests that using a flash will help create ghost photographs, and “the brighter the flash the better.” It also recommends to include a foreground object – something to reflect the flash. Although they admit that this is paradoxical and was not expected at first, especially since they claim that such photographs are the result of psychically created images. However, there is no discussion or any recognition at all that the light images might be the result of photographic artifact created by the flash. So- called “ghost globules” are spheres of light, rather than whispy forms. The images, however, are curiously reminiscent of light defracting around a point source. A small amount of condensation on the camera lens is enough to mass produce such ghost globules. Under the right conditions, any discrete source of light can produce this effect. Paranormal investigator for CSICOP, Joe Nickell, made a valuable contribution to the field of photographic artifact when he discovered through experimentation and common sense the camera cord effect. The cord or strap of an instamatic camera can easily fall in front of the lens, and go unnoticed with cameras that do not view through the lens but through a separate aperture. Even black cords will look like white blobs or streaks of light when they reflect the light of a flash. We were able to reproduce this effect (see photograph on this page) on our first try, creating a “ghost” photograph as good as any we have seen. The age of digital photography has also created some new sources of photographic artifact.
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April 1, 2. 01. 3, estimates from the Washington State Office of Financial Management put the city's population at 5. Today that village site is called Columbia Point. From this village, the Wanapum, Yakama and Walla Walla Indians harvested the salmon runs entering the Yakima River. Captain William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition visited the mouth of the Yakima River on October 1. Formative years. Amon and his son Howard purchased 2,3. Yakima River. Postal authorities approved the designation of this town site as Richland in 1. Richland School District serves the cities of Richland and West Richland with nine elementary schools, three middle schools, and three high schools. CITY OF RICHLAND HILLS SANITARY SEWER REIMBURSEMENT PROGRAM FOR PROPERTY OWNERS Richland Hills has a limited number of sanitary sewer reimbursement rebates in the amount of $500 available to residents who replace their. Ebooks, movies, music, and events free for Richland Library cardholders. Attend storytime, craft lessons, and performances at any of our locations. Access freely with Richland Library. Four firms, including one run by a former Richland County Councilman and another that’s the personal LLC of the executive. Wisconsin is one of the top ten agricultural states in the nation, generating over $83 billion annually in the state's economy. The state's climate, natural resources, agribusiness, and farm heritage. Nelson Rich. In 1. Benton County Courthouse. It was incorporated on April 2. Washington Fourth Class City. World War II. The army turned it into a bedroom community for the workers on its Manhattan Project facility at the nearby Hanford Engineering Works (now the Hanford site). Richland Program DirectorsThe population increased from 3. July and August 1. Richland Electric Cooperative provides electric service to members in Richland County and parts of Crawford, Sauk and Vernon counties. Richland Electric Cooperative also provide Exede satellite Internet service, dial-up. Welcome to the Richland Dance Program! We would like to introduce you to an exciting and unique dance experience. This is a program geared to the overall development of the student. It encourages proper technique and. 193,158 Program Director Jobs available on Indeed.com. Congratulations Region 644 U-10 Girls and Familie. Written by Tom Mulroy, volunteer coach in Region 644, Weston, Fla. This is a photo of my AYSO Region 644 U-10 girls' team, whom I had the pleasure of working with this. Richland Creek Reservoir. The Richland Creek Reservoir (RCR) is part of the Richland Creek Water Supply Program. It is a new 305-acre reservoir that once completed, will store up to three billion gallons of drinking water to. World War II in August 1. All land and buildings were owned by the government. Housing was assigned to residents and token rent was collected; families were assigned to houses or duplexes; single people were placed in apartments or barracks. Everything necessary was provided, from free bus service to light bulbs, and trees were planted in people's yards by the government. In 1. 95. 4 Harold Orlando Monson was elected the first mayor of Richland and traveled to Washington, D. C., to negotiate increased rights (such as private home ownership) for citizens in military cities across the country. As much of the city was planned by the Army Corps of Engineers, many of the streets are named after famous engineers. For instance, the main street (George Washington Way) is named after the first president, who was a surveyor; Stevens Drive is named after John Frank Stevens, chief engineer of the Panama Canal and Stevens Pass; Goethals Drive is named after George W. Goethals, designer of the Panama Canal; and Thayer Drive is named after Sylvanus Thayer, founder of the first professional school of engineering in the United States at Dartmouth College. The rule is that if alphabet houses reside on a given street, it is named either after an engineer or a type of tree. Due to the unique history of the area, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2. Gold Coast Historic District. The end of the war. Although many of the workers moved away as the war effort wound down, some of them moved to Richland, offsetting the depopulation that might otherwise have occurred. The Cold War boom. The capacity to produce plutonium was increased beginning in 1. When the Soviet Union developed and tested their first nuclear weapon in 1. U. S. A second post- WW II expansion began in 1. Korea. Richland's Cold War construction boom resulted in Richland's population growing to 2. Many of these people lived in a construction camp of trailers located in what is now north Richland. With time, these trailers were vacated and the core city grew. Others lived at Camp Columbia near Horn Rapids until the camp was closed in 1. Transition to private property. Most of the people lived in duplexes; senior tenants were given the option to purchase the building; junior tenants were given the option to purchase lots in a newly platted area of north Richland. Richland was incorporated in 1. First Class City, an open self- governed city. As part of the transition, large areas of undeveloped land became city property. Richland's financial dependency on the federal Hanford facility changed little at this time because Hanford's mission as a weapons materials production site continued during the Cold War years. Unclassified Hanford. Those digitized records are considered to be in the public domain, and hosted on a website named the Hanover Document Retrieval System. Now, many Richland residents are employed at the Hanford site in its environmental cleanup mission. Richland High School's sports teams are called the Bombers, complete with a mushroom cloud logo. Some of the streets platted after 1. U. S. Armygenerals (Patton Street, Mac. Arthur Street, Sherman Street, Pershing Avenue) and after various nuclear themes (Einstein Avenue, Curie Street, Proton Lane, Log Lane, and Nuclear Lane). A local museum, the Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology, features exhibits of nuclear technology. Washington State University, Tri- Cities was founded in northern Richland in 1. Joint Graduate Center which had been affiliated with the University of Washington, Oregon State University, and Washington State University. Richland is also home to Kadlec Regional Medical Center. Columbia Basin College's Medical Training Center is near Kadlec Regional Medical Center. City of Richland services. The city also pursues community and economic development and offers housing assistance. The building was designed by ARC Architects of Seattle, Washington. It has views of the park and Columbia River from many of the rooms, which make it a popular venue for weddings and receptions, family reunions, birthday parties, business, and community meetings. The rooms are also used for a variety of general education and personal enrichment classes including courses in computer/technology, health & fitness, dance, art & crafts, dog training, home & gardening, language lessons, martial arts, and many more. The Community Center also serves as a gathering place for group recreation and gaming: cribbage, pinochle, bridge, pool, dominoes, and a host of other social activities are available to the public at large. More recently, the Richland Community Center has hosted a number of important civic events including the Green Living Awards and the Fall Carnival. This decisions also includes moving the fire station which is currently across George Washington Way to the current site of city hall and they would sell the current city hall to eligible businesses. One of the two Laser Interferometer Gravitational- Wave Observatory sites is located immediately north of Richland. Numerous smaller high technology business and expert consultants have grown up around the Richland technology center as well. Major employers include Battelle Memorial Institute operating PNNL, Bechtel National Inc. Department of Energy which operates the Hanford Site. Agriculture. Richland hosts an important food processor, Con. Agra/Lamb- Weston, which processes potatoes and other foods. The production of wine in the lower Columbia Basin has become one of the main industries. Richland lies at the center of a flourishing viticulture area which produces internationally recognized wines in four major Washington appellations and serves as an ideal center for wine tours. The Columbia Valley appellation which surrounds Richland contains over 7,0. On the west the Yakima Valley appellation includes 5,0. To the east, the Walla Walla Valley appellation includes 5. Business and industry. The university offers a number of undergraduate and graduate degree programs; it first admitted freshmen and sophomores in the fall of 2. Recreation. The rivers provide boating, water skiing, fishing, kayaking and waterfowl hunting opportunities for the outdoor enthusiast. Richland is included in a bike trail system in the Tri Cities which is named The Sacagawea Heritage Trail. The trail is a scenic river ride along the Columbia River through the Tri Cities of Kennewick, Richland and Pasco. It is a 2. 3- mile multipurpose blacktop loop trail on both sides of the river from Sacagawea State Park at the confluence of the Snake and Columbia Rivers up to the I- 1. Columbia Point Marina on the upper end. Three bridges join the trails on both sides, providing a number of ride options. There are numerous trailheads and access parking spots along the route. Richland lies within a semi- arid, shrub- steppe environment, and has a number of interesting natural areas within or adjacent to the city: The Yakima River delta and wetlands lie within Richland and provide habitat for many birds and animals. The area around the Yakima delta provides a wooded variation of the normal shrub- steppe. The Badger Mountain Centennial Preserve protects Badger Mountain, located on the edge of Richland in the Richland GMA area, provides a spectacular view of the Tri- Cities as well as the Columbia and Yakima rivers. A non- profit group, Friends of Badger Mountain, worked to procure this shrub- steppe area that has most native vegetation intact and then in 2. The 2- kilometer trail rises 3. Richland. The Arid Lands Ecology Reserve, at the western edge of Richland on the Hanford Reservation, is the last remaining large block of undisturbed shrub- steppe habitat in the Pacific Northwest. The site has been closed to public since the 1. It is managed as an environmental research area and wildlife reserve. North of Richland, the Hanford Reach, the last free- flowing stretch of the Columbia River in the U. S., provides both excellent sightseeing and superior salmon fishing. This free- flowing stretch flows through the Hanford Reach National Monument, which was created by Presidential proclamation in 2. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Volunteers are working to construct an interpretive center on Richland's Columbia Point at the confluence of the Yakima a Columbia; as of January 2. M of the necessary funds are in hand and construction is expected later in the year. The Amon Creek Natural Preserve in the south part of town protects wetlands around the creek and has several trails. Two notable sports teams are found in the immediate area: Geography. Summers are hot with infrequent thunderstorms, while winters are milder than all of Eastern Washington with snow falling only occasionally . Climate data for Richland, Washington. Month. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. Record high . The population density was 1,3. There were 2. 0,8. The racial makeup of the city was 8. White, 1. 4% African American, 0. Native American, 4. MAYOR GARCETTI ANNOUNCES INCREASED LADWP REBATE FOR RESIDENTIAL TURF REMOVAL TO HIGHEST LEVEL IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - $3.75. Visit www.ladwp.com/WaterConservation. The City of Moreno Valley is a dynamic community located in the Inland Empire of Southern California. Come visit us and see the California alternative! Organics Toolbox. Organic Materials Management. As part of the Organics Policy Roadmap. Organics Toolbox explores how local jurisdictions in. California are implementing policies related to compost and. This toolbox is a clearinghouse and will serve as a. Cal. Recycle, and other sources. We will continue to place new. Examples include benefits of compost use, case studies, compost. To navigate this. The City of Burbank partnered with its. Winners Announced for First Annual California Green Medal: Sustainable Winegrowing Leadership Awards. April 13, 2015 Back to Top. Accepting the 2015 California Green. California Marijuana Legalization 2016: Growers And Officials Struggle Over Making Pot Farms Environmentally Friendly. Organic Materials Management. As part of the Organics Policy Roadmap, this Organics Toolbox explores how local jurisdictions in. Print WATER WI$E 2.0 Apply Now!!! The City of Ventura is proud to announce that Ventura Water has opened the application period for its popular Water Wi$e Incentive. Are you considering putting artificial grass for your next commercial or residential landscape project? Or have you been wondering how to turn your lawn into. 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To encourage our customers to use water wisely, SBMWD offers many conservation rebate. These. Cal. Recycle guidelines provide assistance to State and local agency. San Jose- -Competitive. Contract Services. The City of San Jose uses a competitive. Note: Scroll down on the left side of the page and select. RFPs and Bids). Facility Information Toolbox (Fac. IT). The. Cal. Recycle Fac. IT provides an inventory of California’s solid. The facility inventory includes primary. Bio. Cycle provides a searchable database. North America. It includes. Locating Compost and. Mulch Facilities for Commercial Projects. A list of compost. Recycled- Content Product (RCP) Directory. The. Cal. Recycle SWIS database contains information on. California. Economic. Incentives. A list of various websites with. Cal. Recycle and other organizations. Alameda County Waste Management Authority. EPP Model Policy and Guidelines. Alameda County’s policy. A supplement to the EPP. Model Policy with additional guidance on writing. Cal. Recycle Programs. California Department of General Services (DGS). This calculator is. California business or multifamily. King County. (Seattle, Washington). King County provides. Los Angeles County (PDF, 7. KB). Los Angeles County’s EPP Policy establishes the framework for an. Mandatory Commercial. Recycling was one of the measures adopted in the Assembly. Scoping Plan by the California Air Resources Board pursuant. California Global Warming Solutions Act (Chapter 4. Statutes of 2. 00. The Mandatory Commercial Recycling Measure. GHG emissions. Mandatory Commercial. Organics Recycling requires businesses to recycle their. April 1, 2. 01. 6, depending on the. This law also requires. January 1, 2. 01. San Jose. City of San Jose’s EPP policies that protect the. The California. Green Business Program is a network of local governments. California Department of Substances Control to. Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA's. website assists executive agencies in EPP purchasing and. This. site has a glossary, Frequently Asked. Questions (FAQ), and a suite of tools including a database which. Alameda. County. Measure D Landfill Surcharge- -A county. A county ordinance related. Alternative Daily Cover surcharge. City of San Jose uses fees to create. The. document is part of the. Zero Waste Strategic Plan and provides a summary of the. An ordinance prohibiting the disposal of certain recyclable. San Diego. The City of San Diego’s. San Francisco’s Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance. Residents and businesses are. Residents are allowed to place food waste in. The mixed organic materials are hauled. Recology composting sites in Solano and Stanislaus counties. San Jose (PDF, 1. KB). An. ordinance that offers incentives for non- Alternative Daily Cover. Enacted a landfill ban in 2. Buena Vista landfill and recover valuable materials. The. ordinance prohibits the. County’s landfill. The County provides recycling options for. Recyclable materials banned. Yard waste and wood waste. Tires. Major appliances and mattresses. All types of paper and cardboard. Rigid plastic containers of resins 1- 7. Concrete, asphalt, tile and gypsum. Electronics, and. Metal cans and scrap metal. Sonoma County. Has enacted a. Fines of up. to $5. Recycling options are available at the landfill and. Sonoma County. code Section 2. A states that no person shall dispose of any of. Sonoma County, including. Yard debris or wood debris. Major appliances. Corrugated cardboard. Electronics. Scrap metal, and. The Department of Water Resources (DWR). The DWR’s. Model Water. Efficient Landscape Ordinance mandating that local agencies, not later Jan. Compost has been included, if. Beyond. Recycling. PDF, 3. 7 MB) A publication with information for communities seeking to initiate or expand residential organics collection and processing, this report examines data from the 1. Residential Organics Programs in the United States and Canada. Wisconsin Department of Transportation’s. Use of Compost for Erosion Control: A Survey of State Practicereport (PDF. KB). A report on compost use for erosion control. Association of Compost. Producers (ACP). The ACP is a nonprofit organization whose. The association helps. Beyond. Recycling. Center for a Competitive Waste Industry and Gary Liss. Associates, with funding from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 9, which is not responsible for the site's content. Bio. Cycle. The CORC represents a coalition of. The CORC supports the development of an. Compostable Materials. Management. Cal. Recycle offers information on regulatory. Information on permitting. Web pages. Connecticut became. Public Act 1. 1- 2. Cornell. Waste Management Institute (CWMI). A program in the. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences in the College of. Agriculture and Life Sciences. The CWMI serves the public. Economic Incentives. Massachusetts Department. Environmental Protection (Mass. DEP) introduced its first bans. Final Amendments to 3. CMR. Regulations. PDF, 4. 0 KB) Organic Material. Ban. Massachusetts Recycling. Works. Local Health Department Guidance for Commercial Food Waste Separation. San Jose. Commercial. Soils for Salmon. Resources (Washington State). Information about the uses and. Best Management Practices to preserve. United States. Composting Council (USCC). The USCC supports many programs. Seal of Testing Assurance, the Test Methods. Examination of Composting and Compost, the. Compost Analysis Proficiency Program, International. Compost Awareness Week, and the Biodegradable Logo. Vermont's Universal Recycling Laws to take effect July 1, 2. It will provide convenience and choices for solid waste generators, including individuals, and will lead to more consistent services throughout the state. Organics Policy Roadmap. |
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